The history of point clouds.
Point cloud data collection has its origins in photogrammetry (discussed in the previous chapter), where measurements are made from photographs. The development and evolution of point clouds are closely tied to advances in LiDAR, (also described in the previous chapter) computer technology and laser scanning. As computer power increased, it became feasible to process, store and manage the vast amounts of data generated to form point clouds. As previously discussed in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, portable laser scanners and tripod-mounted laser scanners became increasingly commercially available, making point cloud creation increasingly accessible.
What were the first purposes of point clouds?
The first applications of point clouds played a crucial role in various sectors ranging from geographic mapping to cultural heritage. In topographic mapping, LiDAR systems were mounted on aircraft and used to create detailed maps. These were especially useful in densely forested areas where traditional aerial photography had limitations. The technique also proved valuable in forestry, where it was used to map both forest canopy and terrain, supporting forest management and resource estimation.
In the mining sector, points clouds facilitated volume calculations and terrain modeling, and played a key role in monitoring landscape changes caused by mining activities. Civil engineering and infrastructure also benefited from this technology. Point clouds became essential tools for mapping and modeling large-scale projects such as highways, bridges and dams. Finally, laser scanners that produced point clouds were invaluable in the protection and research of cultural heritage and archaeological sites, where they contributed to the preservation, study and restoration of historic monuments and structures.
Over time, as the technology became more accessible and affordable, the applications of point clouds expanded significantly, especially in the fields of architecture, construction, urban planning and interior design. The use of tripods for stationary laser scanning and drones for aerial capture has played a crucial role in making point cloud data collection versatile and comprehensive. Tripods provide stability and precision, especially for interior spaces or specific building facades, while drones can quickly capture expansive areas or complex structures from angles that are difficult to reach from the ground.